311 lines
10 KiB
TeX
311 lines
10 KiB
TeX
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\chapter{Bar Lines}
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\section{Single, double, and invisible bar lines}\label{doublebars}
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The usual macro to typeset a single bar line is \keyindex{bar}.
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There is a possibility of
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confusion with a command in \TeX's math mode that has exactly the same name.
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However, there will generally be no problem, because inside
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\verb|\startpiece...\endpiece|,
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\verb|\bar| will take the musical meaning, while outside, it will have the
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mathematical one.
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If for some reason you need the math \verb|\bar| inside, you can use
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\verb|\endcatcodesmusic...\bar...\catcodesmusic|.
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To typeset a double bar line with two thin rules, use \keyindex{doublebar}. You could
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also issue \keyindex{setdoublebar} to cause the next \verb|\bar| (or
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\keyindex{stoppiece}, \keyindex{alaligne}, or \keyindex{alapage}) to be replaced
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by a double bar.
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There is no specific command to print a thin-thick double bar line, but
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\keyindex{setdoubleBAR} will cause one in the same cases where
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\verb|\setdoublebar| would cause a thin-thin double bar line.
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To typeset a double-bar line in the middle of a bar, use \keyindex{zdoublebar};
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use \keyindex{zzdoublebar} to force the mid-bar double-bar line to the end
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of a system.
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To make the next bar line invisible, use \keyindex{setemptybar} before
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\verb|\bar|.
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You can suppress the beginning vertical rule with saying \keyindex{nostartrule}
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and restore the default with \keyindex{startrule} after that. Note that
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it is conventional practice to omit beginning rules for single-staff music.
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\section{Simple discontinuous bar lines}
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Normally, bars (as well as double bars, final bars and repeat bars) are
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drawn continuously from the bottom of the lowest staff of the
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lowest instrument to the top of the highest staff of the uppermost
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instrument. However, if desired, they can be made discontinuous between
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instruments by saying \keyindex{sepbarrules}. An example of this is given in
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%avrb
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%{\tt ANGESCAO} (or {\tt ANGESCAM}) example; it has also been used in the
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%avre
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\texttt{avemaria.tex} in Section~\ref{avemaria}\label{avemaria2}.
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Continuous bar lines can be restored with \keyindex{stdbarrules}. In
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the extension library are some more types of bar rules, mainly for very old
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music, see Section~\ref{otherbars}.
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% DAS. Andre, are there some other kinds of bars in an addon?
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\section{Elementary asynchronous bar lines}
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Situations may arise where the bar lines in different instruments are not
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aligned with one another. To set this up, first say \verb|\sepbarrules|.
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Then use a combination of the following five commands:
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\begin{itemize}\setlength{\itemsep}{0ex}
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\item\keyindex{hidebarrule}\onen~hides the bar rule for instrument $n$, until
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this is changed by \verb|\showbarrule|\onen.
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\item\keyindex{showbarrule}\onen~stops hiding the bar rule for instrument $n$,
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until this is changed by \verb|\hidebarrule|\onen.
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\item\keyindex{Hidebarrule}\onen~hides the bar rule for instrument $n$, only
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for the next bar.
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\item\keyindex{Showbarrule}\onen~shows the bar rule for instrument
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$n$ once only,
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and then resets it.
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%
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% DAS ???
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% and then resets it to \verb|hidebarrule|.
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%
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\item\keyindex{showallbarrules} resets all defined instruments to
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\verb|\showbarrule|\onen. This command is automatically inserted with double
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bars, final bars and repeats.
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\end{itemize}
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Thus, this example
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\begin{music}
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\instrumentnumber3
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\setmeter3{{\meterfrac{3}{4}}}
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\setmeter2{{\meterfrac{2}{4}}}
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\setmeter1{{\meterfrac{3}{8}}}
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\nobarnumbers
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\sepbarrules
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\startextract
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\NOtes\pt f\qa f&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\hidebarrule2\hidebarrule3\bar
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\NOtes\multnoteskip{.333}\Tqbu fff&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\showbarrule2\bar
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\NOtes\pt f\qa f&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\hidebarrule2\showbarrule3\bar
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\NOtes\multnoteskip{.333}\Tqbu fff&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\showbarrule2\hidebarrule3\bar
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\NOtes\pt f\qa f&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\hidebarrule2\bar
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\NOtes\multnoteskip{.333}\Tqbu fff&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\setdoublebar
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\bar\hidebarrule3
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\NOtes\pt f\qa f&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\Hidebarrule2\bar
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\NOtes\multnoteskip{.333}\Tqbu fff&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\bar
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\NOtes\pt f\qa f&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\message{Showbarrule3 coming}%
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\Hidebarrule2\Showbarrule3\bar
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\NOtes\multnoteskip{.333}\Tqbu fff&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\bar
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\NOtes\pt f\qa f&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\Hidebarrule2\bar
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\NOtes\multnoteskip{.333}\Tqbu fff&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\setrightrepeat
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\endextract
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\end{music}
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\noindent was obtained with the following coding:
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\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
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\instrumentnumber3
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\setmeter3{{\meterfrac{3}{4}}}
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\setmeter2{{\meterfrac{2}{4}}}
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\setmeter1{{\meterfrac{3}{8}}}
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\nobarnumbers
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\sepbarrules
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\startextract
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\NOtes\pt f\qa f&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\hidebarrule2\hidebarrule3\bar
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\NOtes\multnoteskip{.333}\Tqbu fff&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\showbarrule2\bar
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\NOtes\pt f\qa f&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\hidebarrule2\showbarrule3\bar
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\NOtes\multnoteskip{.333}\Tqbu fff&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\showbarrule2\hidebarrule3\bar
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\NOtes\pt f\qa f&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\hidebarrule2\bar
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\NOtes\multnoteskip{.333}\Tqbu fff&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\setdoublebar
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\bar\hidebarrule3
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\NOtes\pt f\qa f&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\Hidebarrule2\bar
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\NOtes\multnoteskip{.333}\Tqbu fff&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\bar
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\NOtes\pt f\qa f&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\message{Showbarrule3 coming}%
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\Hidebarrule2\Showbarrule3\bar
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\NOtes\multnoteskip{.333}\Tqbu fff&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\bar
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\NOtes\pt f\qa f&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\Hidebarrule2\bar
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\NOtes\multnoteskip{.333}\Tqbu fff&\qa f&\qa f\en
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\setrightrepeat
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\zendextract
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\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
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\section{Dotted, dashed, asynchronous and discontinuous bar lines}\label{musixdbr}
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The extension
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package \href{http://icking-music-archive.org/software/musixtex/add-ons/musixdbr.tex}
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{\underline{\ttxem{musixdbr.tex}}} by Rainer {\sc Dunker} provides commands for
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dashed, dotted, and arbitrarily discontinuous bar lines. It supports
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individual bar line settings for each instrument, multi-staff instruments,
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different sizes of staves, and even different numbers of lines per staff,
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To use the package, you must \verb|\input musixdbr| after \verb|musixtex|, and
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execute the macro \keyindex{indivbarrules} which activates individual bar line
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processing. Then the following commands are available:
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\begin{itemize}\setlength{\itemsep}{0ex}
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\item \keyindex{sepbarrule}\onen~separates bar lines of instrument $n$ from those of instrument $n-1$
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\item \keyindex{condashbarrule}\onen~connects bar lines of instrument $n$ to those of instrument $n-1$
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with a dashed line
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\item \keyindex{condotbarrule}\onen~connects bar lines of instrument $n$ to those of instrument $n-1$
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with a dotted line
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\item \keyindex{conbarrule}\onen~connects bar lines of instrument $n$ to those of instrument $n-1$
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\item \keyindex{hidebarrule}\onen~hides bar lines of instrument $n$
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\item \keyindex{showdashbarrule}\onen~dashes bar lines of instrument $n$
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\item \keyindex{showdotbarrule}\onen~dots bar lines of instrument $n$
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\item \keyindex{showbarrule}\onen~shows bar lines of instrument $n$
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\item \keyindex{sepmultibarrule}\onen~separates bar lines within multistaff instrument $n$
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\item \keyindex{condashmultibarrule}\onen~dashes bar lines between staves of multistaff instrument $n$
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\item \keyindex{condotmultibarrule}\onen~dots bar lines between staves of multistaff instrument $n$
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\item \keyindex{conmultibarrule}\onen~ shows bar lines between staves of multistaff instrument $n$
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\item \keyindex{allbarrules}[\ital{any of the above commands, without numerical parameter}] sets bar
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line style for all instruments together.
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\end{itemize}
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Dashing and dotting style may be changed by redefining the macros
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\verb|\barlinedash| or \verb|\barlinedots| respectively (see original definitions in \verb|musixdbr.tex|).
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Here is an example of the use of these macros:
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\begin{music}
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\input musixdbr
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\instrumentnumber4 \setstaffs23 \setstaffs32 \setlines14\setsize2\tinyvalue
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\indivbarrules
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\parindent0pt\startextract
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%\startpiece
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%\scale{2}
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% normal barlines
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\bar
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% separate instrument 2 from 1
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\sepbarrule2
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\notes\en\bar
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% barlines on staves
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\allbarrules\sepbarrule
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\allbarrules\sepmultibarrule
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\allbarrules\showbarrule
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% barlines between staves
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\allbarrules\conbarrule
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\allbarrules\conmultibarrule
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\allbarrules\hidebarrule
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% dashed barlines on staves
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\allbarrules\sepbarrule
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\allbarrules\sepmultibarrule
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\allbarrules\showdashbarrule
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% dashed barlines between staves
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\allbarrules\condashbarrule
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\allbarrules\condashmultibarrule
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\allbarrules\hidebarrule
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% dotted barlines on staves
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\allbarrules\sepbarrule
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\allbarrules\sepmultibarrule
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\allbarrules\showdotbarrule
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% dotted barlines between staves
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\allbarrules\condotbarrule
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\allbarrules\condotmultibarrule
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\allbarrules\hidebarrule
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% a wild mixture of all
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\showdotbarrule1\hidebarrule2\showdashbarrule3\showbarrule4%
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\condashbarrule2\conbarrule3\condotbarrule4%
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\condashmultibarrule2\sepmultibarrule3%
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% conventional ending
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\allbarrules\showbarrule
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\allbarrules\conbarrule
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\allbarrules\conmultibarrule
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\NOTes\en\setdoubleBAR\endextract
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\end{music}
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This is the code:
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\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
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\input musixdbr
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\instrumentnumber4\setstaffs23\setstaffs32\setlines14\setsize2\tinyvalue
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\indivbarrules\parindent0pt\startextract
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% normal barlines
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\bar
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% separate instrument 2 from 1
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\sepbarrule2
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\notes\en\bar
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% barlines on staves
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\allbarrules\sepbarrule
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\allbarrules\sepmultibarrule
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\allbarrules\showbarrule
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% barlines between staves
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\allbarrules\conbarrule
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\allbarrules\conmultibarrule
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\allbarrules\hidebarrule
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% dashed barlines on staves
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\allbarrules\sepbarrule
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\allbarrules\sepmultibarrule
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\allbarrules\showdashbarrule
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% dashed barlines between staves
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\allbarrules\condashbarrule
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\allbarrules\condashmultibarrule
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\allbarrules\hidebarrule
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% dotted barlines on staves
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\allbarrules\sepbarrule
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\allbarrules\sepmultibarrule
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\allbarrules\showdotbarrule
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% dotted barlines between staves
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\allbarrules\condotbarrule
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\allbarrules\condotmultibarrule
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\allbarrules\hidebarrule
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% a wild mixture of all
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\showdotbarrule1\hidebarrule2\showdashbarrule3\showbarrule4%
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\condashbarrule2\conbarrule3\condotbarrule4%
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\condashmultibarrule2\sepmultibarrule3%
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\NOTes\en\bar
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% conventional ending
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\allbarrules\showbarrule
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\allbarrules\conbarrule
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\allbarrules\conmultibarrule
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\NOTes\en\setdoubleBAR\zendextract
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\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
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