232 lines
11 KiB
TeX
232 lines
11 KiB
TeX
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\chapter{Font Selection and Text Placement}
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\section{Predefined text fonts}
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While any font with support for \TeX\ can be used by \musixtex, certain styles and
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sizes can be selected using shortcut commands.
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For ordinary text, the shortcuts cover fonts of nine different
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sizes and six styles. The sizes in points are $7$, $8$, $9$, $10$, $12$, $14$, $17$, $20$, and $25$;
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the styles are from the standard Computer Modern family: Roman, bold, italic, bold italic
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and small capitals.
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The size selection macros from smallest to biggest are
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\keyindex{tinytype},
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\keyindex{smalltype},
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\keyindex{Smalltype},
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\keyindex{normtype}, \keyindex{medtype}, \keyindex{bigtype},
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\keyindex{Bigtype},
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\keyindex{BIgtype} and \keyindex{BIGtype}.
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The style may be selected or changed using \keyindex{rm} (Roman), \keyindex{bf}
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(bold), \keyindex{it} (italic), \keyindex{bi} (bold italic) or
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\keyindex{sc} (small-capitals). If no style is explicitly selected, Roman style
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will be used for the sizes \verb|\medtype| or smaller; for the larger sizes,
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bold style is the default. Thus, for example,
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eight point italic is selected with \verb|\smalltype\it|, while
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twelve point Roman is selected using \verb|\medtype\rm| or simply
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\verb|\medtype|. To change between styles while maintaining the same size,
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code \verb|\rm|, \verb|\it|, \verb|\bf|, \verb|\bi| or \verb|\sc|, as in Plain \TeX.
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When \musixtex\ is started, the default font for ordinary text is
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ten point Roman, equivalent to \verb|\normtype\rm|.
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Another group of fonts, in bold extended italic style, is predefined in point sizes
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$8$, $10$, $12$, $14$, and $17$ for dynamic markings. The appropriate font for the current
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staff size may be selected simply by using \keyindex{ppff} as a
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font specification. Macros \keyindex{tinydyn}, \keyindex{smalldyn}, \keyindex{normdyn}, or \keyindex{meddyn} may be
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used to redefine \verb|\ppff| to represent one of the smallest four.
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A selection of predefined fonts is summarized in Table~\ref{predefinedfonts}. The second column gives an
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explicit control sequence that can alternatively be used locally as a font specification.
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\font\ctinytype=cmr7
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\font\ctinytypebf=cmbx7
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\font\ctinytypeit=cmti7
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\font\csmalltype=cmr8
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\font\csmalltypebf=cmbx8
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\font\csmalltypeit=cmti8
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\font\cSmalltype=cmr9
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\font\cSmalltypebf=cmbx9
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\font\cSmalltypeit=cmti9
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\font\cnormtype=cmr10
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\font\cnormtypebf=cmbx10
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\font\cnormtypeit=cmti10
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\font\cnormtypebi=cmbxti10
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\font\cnormtypesc=cmcsc10
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\font\cmedtype=cmr12
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\font\cmedtypebf=cmbx12
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\font\cmedtypeit=cmti12
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\font\cmedtypebi=cmbxti10 scaled \magstep1
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\font\cmedtypesc=cmcsc10 scaled \magstep1
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\font\cbigtype=cmbx12 scaled \magstep1
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\font\cBigtype=cmbx12 scaled \magstep2
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\font\cBIgtype=cmbx12 scaled \magstep3
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\font\cBIGtype=cmbx12 scaled \magstep4
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\font\cppfftwelve=cmbxti10 at 8pt
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\font\cppffsixteen=cmbxti10
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\font\cppfftwenty=cmbxti10 scaled \magstep1
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\font\cppfftwentyfour=cmbxti10 scaled \magstep2
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\font\cppfftwentynine=cmbxti10 scaled \magstep3
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\font\cbigtype=cmbx12 scaled \magstep1
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\font\cBigtype=cmbx12 scaled \magstep2
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\font\cBIgtype=cmbx12 scaled \magstep3
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\font\cBIGfont=cmbx12 scaled \magstep4
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\begin{table}
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\begin{center}
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\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.15}
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\begin{tabular}{lll}
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\hline
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Size and style & Font specification & Example \\
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\hline
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\verb|\tinytype| & \verb|\sevenrm| & {\ctinytype tiny Roman} \\
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\verb|\tinytype\bf| & \verb|\sevenbf| & {\ctinytypebf tiny bold} \\
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\verb|\tinytype\it| & \verb|\sevenit| & {\ctinytypeit tiny italic} \\
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\verb|\smalltype| & \verb|\eightrm| & {\csmalltype small Roman} \\
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\verb|\smalltype\bf| & \verb|\eightbf| & {\csmalltypebf small bold} \\
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\verb|\smalltype\it| & \verb|\eightit| & {\csmalltypeit small italic} \\
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\verb|\Smalltype| & \verb|\ninerm| & {\cSmalltype Small Roman} \\
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\verb|\Smalltype\bf| & \verb|\ninebf| & {\cSmalltypebf Small bold} \\
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\verb|\Smalltype\it| & \verb|\nineit| & {\cSmalltypeit Small italic} \\
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\verb|\normtype| & \verb|\tenrm| & {\cnormtype normal Roman} \\
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\verb|\normtype\bf| & \verb|\tenbf| & {\cnormtypebf normal bold} \\
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\verb|\normtype\it| & \verb|\tenit| & {\cnormtypeit normal italic}\\
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\verb|\normtype\bi| & \verb|\tenbi| & {\cnormtypebi normal bold italic}\\
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\verb|\normtype\sc| & \verb|\tensc| & {\cnormtypesc normal small capitals}\\
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\verb|\medtype| & \verb|\twelverm| & {\cmedtype medium Roman} \\
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\verb|\medtype\bf| & \verb|\twelvebf| & {\cmedtypebf medium bold} \\
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\verb|\medtype\it| & \verb|\twelveit| & {\cmedtypeit medium italic}\\
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\verb|\medtype\bi| & \verb|\twelvebi| & {\cmedtypebi medium bold italic}\\
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\verb|\medtype\sc| & \verb|\twelvesc| & {\cmedtypesc medium small capitals}\\
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\verb|\bigtype| & \verb|\frtbf| & {\cbigtype big bold} \\[.4ex]
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\verb|\Bigtype| & \verb|\svtbf| & {\cBigtype Big bold} \\[.4ex]
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\verb|\BIgtype| & \verb|\twtybf| & {\cBIgtype BIg bold} \\[.4ex]
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\verb|\BIGtype| & \verb|\twfvbf| & {\cBIGtype BIG bold} \\
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~ & \verb|\ppfftwelve| & {\cppfftwelve pp ff diminuendo}\\
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~ & \verb|\ppffsixteen| & {\cppffsixteen pp ff diminuendo}\\
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~ & \verb|\ppfftwenty| & {\cppfftwenty pp ff diminuendo}\\
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~ & \verb|\ppfftwentyfour| & {\cppfftwentyfour pp ff diminuendo}\\[.4ex]
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~ & \verb|\ppfftwentynine| & {\cppfftwentynine pp ff diminuendo}\\[.4ex]
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\hline
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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\caption{Various predefined fonts}
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\label{predefinedfonts}
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\end{table}
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\section{User-defined text fonts}
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Since \musixtex\ is a superset of \TeX, you are free to use the standard \TeX\
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machinery for defining and using any special font you desire. You must first
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of course ensure that (a)~all the necessary font files (e.g., \verb|bla10.tfm|,
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\verb|bla10.pfb|, or equivalents) are installed in the right places in your system, (b)~all
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configuration files (e.g., \verb|config.ps| or equivalent) have been updated, and
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(c)~the \TeX\ file-name database has been updated, as required by your \TeX\ system. Then you can use the font just as
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in any \TeX\ document, e.g., by coding \verb|\font blafont=bla10| and then
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\verb|\zchar{10}{\blafont Text in user-defined font}|.
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You might also wish to replace once and for all the typefaces invoked by the
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commands described in the previous section. Again, before doing this, you must
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follow steps (a-c) of the previous paragraph for all fonts in question.
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\label{UserFonts}
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You can use bitmapped fonts, which are converted to
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Postscript by e.g.,~\verb|dvips|, but you also may replace them
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by native Postscript fonts.
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The extension library
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\verb|musixtmr.tex|\footnote{by Hiroaki {\sc Morimoto}}
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replaces the default Computer Modern text fonts by
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the Times series of fonts; see Section~\ref{times}.
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Other extension libraries, \verb|musixplt.tex| and \verb|musixhv.tex|, replace the default text fonts by
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Palatino and Helvetica fonts, respectively; see Sections~\ref{palatino} and \ref{helvetica}.
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\font\tnormtype=ptmr7t
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\font\tnormtypebf=ptmb7t
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\font\tnormtypeit=ptmri7t
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\font\tbigtype=ptmr7t scaled \magstep2
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\font\tBigtype=ptmr7t scaled \magstep3
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\font\pnormtype=pplr8r
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\font\pnormtypebf=pplb8r
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\font\pnormtypeit=pplri8r
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\font\pbigtype=pplrc8r at 14pt
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\font\pBigtype=pplrc8r at 17pt
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\font\hnormtype=phvr8r at 10pt
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\font\hnormtypebf=phvb8r at 10pt
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\font\hnormtypeit=phvro8r at 10pt
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\font\hbigtype=phvr8r at 14pt
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\font\hBigtype=phvr8r at 17pt
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Here is a comparison of some Times,
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Palatino and Helvetica fonts:
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{lll}
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\hline
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{\tnormtype normal Times Roman} & {\pnormtype normal Palatino Roman} &{\hnormtype normal Helvetica Roman} \\
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{\tnormtypebf normal Times bold} & {\pnormtypebf normal Palatino bold}& {\hnormtypebf normal Helvetica bold} \\
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{\tnormtypeit normal Times italic} & {\pnormtypeit normal Palatino italic } & {\hnormtypeit normal Helvetica italic }\\[.4ex]
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{\tbigtype Times big} & {\pbigtype Palatino big } & {\hbigtype Helvetica big } \\[.4ex]
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{\tBigtype Times Big } & {\pBigtype Palatino Big } & {\hBigtype Helvetica Big } \\
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\hline
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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For users who prefer to stick with the default Computer Modern
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family but want to use the T$1$-encoded EC variants, the extension library
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\verb|musixec.tex| is available; see Section~\ref{ecfonts}\@.
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\section{Text placement}\label{textplacement}
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Special macros are provided to allow precise placement of any \TeX\ text, vertically
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relative to the staff, and horizontally relative to any note in
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the staff.
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The macros in the first group will vertically position the text with the
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baseline at any specified pitch or staff line. They must be used
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inside \verb|\notes...\en|. They will not insert any additional
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horizontal space. They have the forms
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\keyindex{zcharnote}\pitchp\verb|{|\ital{text}\verb|}|, \keyindex{lcharnote}\pitchp\verb|{|\ital{text}\verb|}|,
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and \keyindex{ccharnote}\pitchp\verb|{|\ital{text}\verb|}|,
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where \ital{p} is the pitch. With the first one, text will spill to the right
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from the current insertion point, with the second it will spill to the left, and with the
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third it will be centered horizontally.
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The following abbreviations are available:
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\begin{quote}
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\begin{tabular}{lcl}
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\keyindex{zcn}& for&\verb|\zcharnote| \\
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\keyindex{lcn}& for&\verb|\lcharnote| \\
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\keyindex{ccn}& for&\verb|\ccharnote| \\
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\end{tabular}
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\end{quote}
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There are similar macros \keyindex{zchar}\pitchp\verb|{|\ital{text}\verb|}|,
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\keyindex{lchar}\pitchp\verb|{|\ital{text}\verb|}|, and \keyindex{cchar}\pitchp\verb|{|\ital{text}\verb|}|,
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which differ from the previous three in that the pitch \ital{must} be given with
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a number (representing the number of staff positions up from the lowest line),
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and that the number need not be an integer.
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To vertically position any text midway between two consecutive staves, use
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\keyindex{zmidstaff}\verb|{|{\it text}\verb|}|, \keyindex{lmidstaff}\verb|{|{\it text}\verb|}|,
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or \keyindex{cmidstaff}\verb|{|{\it text}\verb|}| at the appropriate point in the lower staff.
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The macros \keyindex{uptext}\verb|{|\ital{text}\verb|}| and
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\keyindex{Uptext}\verb|{|\ital{text}\verb|}|
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are simply shorthands for
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\verb|\zchar{10}{|\ital{text}\verb|}| and
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\verb|\zchar{14}{|\ital{text}\verb|}|,
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respectively.
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The text items handled by all of the above macros can include any appropriate
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string of \TeX\
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control sequences, including font definitions, \verb|\hbox|'es, etc.
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Material posted with any of the macros described in this section will not
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create any additional horizontal or vertical space within the current system,
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and will overwrite anything in the current system that gets in the way. It is
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the typesetter's responsibility to ensure there is adequate white space
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within the current system to accommodate any text placed with
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these macros. On the other hand, if text is placed far above or below a
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system, \musixtex\ will usually insert additional vertical space if needed.
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\section{Rehearsal marks}
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Rehearsal marks are usually
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boxed or circled uppercase letters or digits. They can be defined using the macros
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\keyindex{boxit}\verb|{|\ital{text}\verb|}| or
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\keyindex{circleit}\verb|{|\ital{text}\verb|}|. For boxed text,
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the margin between the text and box is controlled by the dimension
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register \keyindex{boxitsep}, which can be reset to any \TeX\ dimension if the
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default value of \verb|3pt| is unsatisfactory. To place the mark, use \verb|\Uptext| or
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any of the other macros defined in the previous section.
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