220 lines
11 KiB
TeX
220 lines
11 KiB
TeX
\chapter{Layout Parameters}\label{LayoutParameters}
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Most layout parameters are set by \musixtex\ to reasonable default values.
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However, some projects will require altering one or more of them. In this
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section we discuss the most important parameters and how to change them.
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\section{List of layout parameters}
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In the following, the indication ``\nochange'' does not mean that this
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parameter cannot be changed at all, but that it should not be modified
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directly, e.g,.~by saying something like \verb|\Interligne=14pt|. In other
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words, changes in these parameters must be accomplished only by more
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comprehensive macros which not only revise them but at the same time perform
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other necessary related changes. Even though you cannot \ital{change} these,
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you may \ital{refer} to them in your coding if that proves useful.
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\begin{description}\setlength{\itemsep}{0ex}
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\item[\keyindex{Interligne} :]vertical distance between the bottoms of
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consecutive staff lines of the current instrument, taking no account of a
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possible alteration by \keyindex{setsize}; \nochange.
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\item[\keyindex{internote} :]vertical spacing between notes one scale
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step apart in the current instrument, taking account of a possible alteration
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by \keyindex{setsize}; \nochange.
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Note that each distinct instrument may have a different
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\verb|\internote| (see Chapter~\ref{staffspacing}).
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\item[\keyindex{Internote} :]vertical spacing between notes one scale
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step apart in any instrument whose \keyindex{setsize} has the default
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value \keyindex{normalvalue} ($1.0$), equal to \verb|0.5\Interligne|; \nochange.
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\item[\keyindex{staffbotmarg} :]margin below the first (lowest) staff of the
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first (lowest) instrument. Changes are recognized at the next system.
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Default is \verb|3\Interligne|.
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\item[\keyindex{stafftopmarg} :]margin above the last (uppermost) staff of
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last (uppermost) instrument. Changes are recognized at the next system.
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Default is \verb|3\Interligne|.
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\item[\keyindex{interbeam} :]vertical distance between beams; \nochange.
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\item[\keyindex{interstaff} :]a very important macro with a single numerical
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argument representing the factor that multiplies \verb|2\internote| to give the
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distance between the bottom of one staff and the bottom of the next one. In
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fact the macro redefines the parameter \verb|\interfacteur|. Default is 9.
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\verb|\interstaff| applies to all the
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instruments; to set the inter-staff spacing for a single instrument,
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use \keyindex{setinterstaff}\itbrace{n}\itbrace{m},
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$n$ is the instrument and $m$ is the replacement factor for that instrument.
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Note that
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after you have used \keyindex{setinterstaff},
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you cannot reset the distances for that instrument with
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\keyindex{interstaff}; you must subsequently use
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\keyindex{setinterstaff} for that purpose.
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\item[\keyindex{interportee} :]distance between the bottom of one staff and
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the bottom of the next one. It is always reset to
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2 times \keyindex{internote} times the \keyindex{interfacteur} for the current
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instrument at the next system.
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Therefore, trying to change \verb|\interportee| will have no effect. Change
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\verb|\interstaff| or use \keyindex{setinterstaff} instead.
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\item[\keyindex{interinstrument} :]additional vertical distance between
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two consecutive instruments. This means that the distance between the lowest
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line of the previous instrument and the lowest line of the top staff of the current
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instrument is \verb|\interportee+\interinstrument|. The
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default value of \verb|\interinstrument| is zero, but sometimes you
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may want additional space between distinct instruments. This is a general
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dimension register. As usual in \TeX, it can be set using a command such as
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\verb|\interinstrument=10pt| or \verb|\interinstrument=6\internote|. Its
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value can be overridden for the space above any particular instrument
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with the macro \keyindex{setinterinstrument}\itbrace{n}\itbrace{s}, where
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$n$ is the instrument and $s$ is the replacement value of the space to
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be added. The \verb|\setinterinstrument| macro may be useful in some vocal
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scores to provide vertical space for lyrics.
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Note that
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after you have used \keyindex{setinterinstrument},
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you cannot reset the distances for that instrument with
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\keyindex{interinstrument}; you must subsequently use
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\keyindex{setinterinstrument} for that purpose.
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\item[\keyindex{systemheight} :]distance from the bottom of the
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lowest staff to the top of the highest one. This is the length of any
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vertical lines such as repeats that span the full height of a system;
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\nochange.
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\end{description}
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In addition, when handling notes of a given staff of a given instrument, the
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following dimensions are available (note these are not true registers, but
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\ital{equivalenced symbols} through a \verb|\def|):
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\begin{description}\setlength{\itemsep}{0ex}
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\item[\keyindex{altplancher} :]altitude of the lowest line of the lowest
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instrument; \nochange.
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\item[\keyindex{altitude} :]altitude of the lowest line of the lowest
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staff of the current instrument; \nochange.
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\item[\keyindex{altportee} :]altitude of the lowest line of the current
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staff; \nochange.
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%??? Next perhaps will change to steps of \verb|\internote|.
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\item[\keyindex{stemfactor} :]parameter defining the length of stems on
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half, quarter, and beamed eighth notes, in units of \verb|\interbeam|.
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Normally a stem has the length of one octave,
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i.e.,~\verb|3.5|\keyindex{Interligne}. However, this is not correct for small or tiny
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note sizes. Therefore, stem length is defined as a multiple of the
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dimension \keyindex{interbeam}, which is chosen because it is automatically
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redefined as a
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different multiple of \keyindex{Interligne} whenever note size is changed. For
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example, with \verb|\normalmusicsize| when \verb|\setsize| is
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\verb|\normalvalue|, \verb|\interbeam| is \verb|0.75|\keyindex{Interligne}. This
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legislates a default value for \keyindex{stemfactor} of $4.66$ ($=3.5/0.75$).
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To change stem length, it is easiest to use e.g.,~\keyindex{stemlength}\verb|{3.5}|, which simply redefines \verb|\stemfactor|.
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Subsequently, \verb|\stemfactor| will not automatically be reset to the default,
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but keep in mind that if it is changed
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inside a notes group, the change will only be effective within that notes group.
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\end{description}
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\section{A convenient macro for changing layout parameters}
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Of the parameters just described that can be changed, many should only be
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changed between the end of one system and the beginning of the next. The
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command sequence \verb|\def\atnextline{|\ital{any control sequence}\verb|}|
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may be useful for this purpose. It will cause \ital{any control sequence} to
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be inserted right before the next new line is begun, provided the line break
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is not initiated by a \verb|\startpiece|. Thus this will work with
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automatically generated line breaks, with those forced by \verb|\alaligne|, and
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with those forced by explicit use of \verb|\endpiece| or \verb|\stoppiece|
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followed by \verb|\contpiece|. (Note, however, that in the latter case it
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would be just as convenient to enter the parameter changes explicitly as well.)
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The control sequence will only be executed once,
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after which \verb|\atnextline| is redefined as \verb|\empty|.
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\section{Changing the number of lines per staff}\label{stafflinenumber}
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Naturally, the default number of lines per staff is five. But you may want a
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different number in some or all staves, for example for gregorian music,
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percussion music, guitar tablature, or early baroque keyboard music. To do so,
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use the command \keyindex{setlines}\itbrace{n}\itbrace{m}~where $n$ is the
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instrument number and $m$ is the number of lines.
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\section{Resetting normal layout parameters}
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The general size can only be changed with one of the commands
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\keyindex{smallmusicsize},
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\keyindex{normalmusicsize}, \keyindex{largemusicsize}, or
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\keyindex{Largemusicsize}. Beyond that, the command
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\keyindex{resetlayout} will reset the following key layout parameters
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to their default values: \keyindex{staffbotmarg} (\verb|3\Interligne|),
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\keyindex{stafftopmarg} (\verb|3\Interligne|), \keyindex{interstaff} ($9$),
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number of lines per staff for all instruments ($5$); and will reset all clef
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symbols to standard clef symbols.
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\section{Split and Shortened Systems}
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It is sometimes desirable to typeset a ``shortened'' system or to split
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a system into left and right segments, as in the following (extracted from a
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Geminiani \emph{concerto grosso}):
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\begin{music}
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\smallmusicsize
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\setclef1\bass
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\setclef5\treble\settrebleclefsymbol5\trebleoct
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\generalsignature{-2}
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\instrumentnumber5
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\songbottom{1}\songtop{5}
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\setinterinstrument4{1\internote}
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\nobarnumbers
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\generalmeter{\meterfrac38}
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\hbox to\hsize\bgroup\vbox\bgroup\hsize=1.7in
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\startpiece\addspace\afterruleskip
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\Notes\qa G\sk&\ibu1i{-1}\qb1i\qb1{.g}&\ca d\qa g&\ca n\itieu3n\qa n&\ca g\ds\en
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\notes\ds\sk&\sk\tbbu1\tqu1g&\sk\sk&\sk\sk\ttie3&\ds\sk\en
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\znotes&&&&\lcn{q}{\bf D.S. al\kern3ex}\coda p\en
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\setdoublebar\endpiece
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\egroup\hfill\vbox\bgroup\hsize=3.7in
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\generalmeter{\allabreve}
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\startpiece\addspace\afterruleskip
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\znotes&&&&\coda o\en
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\NOtes\qa{.G}&\qa{.k}&\qa{.d}&\qa n&\qa g\en
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\notes\sk\sk\qs\cca N&\sk\sk\qs\cca i&\sk\sk\qs\cca k&\qs\ibbl3p{-2}\qb3{p}\qb3{o}\tql3n&\qp\sk\sk\sk\en
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\NOtes\qa{.M}&\qa{.h}&\qa{.k}&\qa o&\ha k\en
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\Notes\sk&\sk&\sk&\itieu3r\qa r&\sk\en
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\notes\qs\cca M&\qs\cca h&\qs\cca k&\sk\sk&\sk\sk\en
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\bar
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\NOtes\wh L\sk&\qa{g}\qa{g}&\ha{l}\sk&\ttie3\ha r\sk&\ha{g}\sk\en
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\NOTes\sk&\ha j&\ha{n}&\tr s\ha q&\ha{n}\en
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\bar
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\nspace
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\NOtesp\ha{.K}&\ha{.h}&\ha{.k}&\ha{.r}&\ha{.^m}\en
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\setdoublebar\endpiece
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\egroup\egroup
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\end{music}
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This was coded as follows:
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\begin{footnotesize}
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\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
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\setclef1\bass\setclef5\treble\settrebleclefsymbol5\trebleoct
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\generalsignature{-2}
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\instrumentnumber5\songbottom{1}\songtop{5}
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\nobarnumbers
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\generalmeter{\meterfrac38}
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\hbox to\hsize\bgroup\vbox\bgroup\hsize=1.7in % specify length of left segment
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\startpiece\addspace\afterruleskip
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\Notes\qa G\sk&\ibu1i{-1}\qb1i\qb1{.g}
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&\ca d\qa g&\ca n\itieu3n\qa n&\ca g\ds\en
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\notes\ds\sk&\sk\tbbu1\tqu1g
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&\sk\sk&\sk\sk\ttie3&\ds\sk\en
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\znotes&&&&\lcn{q}{\bf D.S. al\kern3ex}\coda p\en
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\setdoublebar\endpiece
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\egroup\hfill\vbox\bgroup\hsize=3.7in % specify length of right segment
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\generalmeter{\allabreve}
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\startpiece\addspace\afterruleskip
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\znotes&&&&\coda o\en
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\NOtes\qa{.G}&\qa{.k}&\qa{.d}&\qa n&\qa g\en
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\notes\sk\sk\qs\cca N&\sk\sk\qs\cca i
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&\sk\sk\qs\cca k
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&\qs\ibbl3p{-2}\qb3{p}\qb3{o}\tql3n
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&\qp\sk\sk\sk\en
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\NOtes\qa{.M}&\qa{.h}&\qa{.k}&\qa o&\ha k\en
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\Notes\sk&\sk&\sk&\itieu3r\qa r&\sk\en
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\notes\qs\cca M&\qs\cca h&\qs\cca k
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&\sk\sk&\sk\sk\en
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\bar
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\NOtes\wh L\sk&\qa{g}\qa{g}&\ha{l}\sk
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&\ttie3\ha r\sk&\ha{g}\sk\en
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\NOTes\sk&\ha j&\ha{n}&\tr s\ha q&\ha{n}\en
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\bar
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\nspace
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\NOtesp\ha{.K}&\ha{.h}&\ha{.k}&\ha{.r}&\ha{.^m}\en
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\setdoublebar\endpiece
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\egroup\egroup % close open \bgroups
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\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
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\end{footnotesize}
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