106 lines
4.2 KiB
TeX
106 lines
4.2 KiB
TeX
\chapter{Skipping Spaces and Shifting Symbols}\label{spacing}
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We've already mentioned that when coding a sequence of notes inside a
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particular pair \verb|\notes...\en|, the command \keyindex{sk} can
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be used to skip horizontally by one \keyindex{noteskip}. This would be
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used for example to align the third note in one staff with the second note
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in another. Skipping in this manner is logically equivalent to inserting
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blank space; as such, the space must be recorded by \musixtex. This command
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and the others discussed here will
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do just that, so that \verb|musixflx| can properly account for
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the added space.
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To skip by one \verb|noteskip| while in a collective coding sequence,
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you may simply insert an asterisk (``\verb|*|''\index{*}). This would have
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the same effect as stopping the sequence, entering {\Bslash sk}, then
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restarting. For example,
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\begin{music}
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\setstaffs12
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\startextract
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\Notes\hu{e*f*g}|\qu{gghhii}\en
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\zendextract
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\end{music}
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\noindent was coded as
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\verb|\Notes\hu{e*f*g}|{\tt |}\verb|\qu{gghhii}\en|
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To skip forward
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by one half of a \verb|\noteskip|, use \keyindex{hsk}.
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To skip \emph{backward}
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by one or half \verb|\noteskip|, use \keyindex{bsk},
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or \keyindex{hbsk}, respectively.
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To insert spacing of approximately one note head width, you can use
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\keyindex{qsk}, or for two-thirds, half or one-quarter of that, \keyindex{tqsk}, \keyindex{hqsk}
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or \keyindex{qqsk}, respectively.
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To skip backward one note-head width or two-thirds or half that, use
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\keyindex{bqsk}, \keyindex{btsk} or \keyindex{bhsk}, respectively. More generally,
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to skip an arbitrary distance, use \keyindex{off}\verb|{|$D$\verb|}|
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where $D$ is any \itxem{scalable dimension}, e.g.,~\verb|\noteskip| or
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\verb|\elemskip|. Indeed, if you look in the
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\musixtex\ source, you will see that \verb|\off| is the basic control
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sequence used to define all the other skip commands.
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The foregoing commands only work \ital{inside} a \verb|\notes...\en| group.
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A different set of commands must be used to insert space \ital{outside}
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such a group. \keyindex{nspace} produces an
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additional spacing of half a note head width;
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\keyindex{qspace}, one note head width. These are ``hard'' spacings. To
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insert an arbitrary amount of hard space outside a \verb|\notes...\en|
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group, use \keyindex{hardspace}\verb|{|$d$\verb|}| where
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$d$ is any fixed dimension\label{hardspace}. The foregoing three commands are the only
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space-generating commands that insert hard space; all the others insert
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scalable spacing: \keyindex{elemskip},
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\keyindex{beforeruleskip}, \keyindex{afterruleskip}, \keyindex{noteskip} and
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their multiples. Finally, to insert
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scalable spacing outside
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a \verb|\notes...\en| group, use
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\keyindex{addspace}\verb|{|$D$\verb|}|. The argument may be negative, in
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which case the normal spacing will be reduced. For example, after
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\keyindex{changecontext}, many users prefer to reduce the space with
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a command like
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\verb|addspace{-|\keyindex{afterruleskip}\verb|}|.
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There is yet another set of commands for simply shifting a note, symbol, or sequence
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inside \verb|\notes...\en|
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without adding or subtracting any space. To shift by one note head width,
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you may write \keyindex{roff}\verb|{|\ital{any macro}\verb|}|
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or \keyindex{loff}\verb|{|\dots\verb|}| for a right or left shift respectively.
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To shift by half of a note head width, use
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\keyindex{hroff}\verb|{|\dots\verb|}| or
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\keyindex{hloff}\verb|{|\dots\verb|}|.
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For example, to get
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%\check
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\begin{music}\nostartrule
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\startextract
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\Notes\roff{\zwh g}\qu g\qu h\qu i\en
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\zendextract
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\end{music}
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\noindent you would code:
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%\check
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\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
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\Notes\roff{\zwh g}\qu g\qu h\qu i\en
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\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
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\noindent To shift notes or symbols by an arbitrary amount, use
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\keyindex{roffset}\verb|{|$N$\verb|}{|\dots\verb|}| or
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\keyindex{loffset}\verb|{|$N$\verb|}{|\dots\verb|}|, where
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$N$ is the distance to be shifted in note head widths. For example
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\begin{music}\nostartrule
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\startextract
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\Notes\roffset{1.5}{\zwh g}\qu g\qu h\qu i\en
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\zendextract
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\end{music}
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\noindent was coded as
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\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
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\Notes\roffset{1.5}{\zwh g}\qu g\qu h\qu i\en
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\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
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An important feature of these shift commands is that the offset,
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whether implicit or explicit, is \ital{not} added to
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the total spacing amount, but any spacing due to the included commands is.
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