191 lines
6.0 KiB
TeX
191 lines
6.0 KiB
TeX
\chapter{Smaller (or Larger) Notes in Normal-Sized Staves}
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Here we describe how to change the size of note symbols without changing the
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size of the staff itself. Changing overall staff size will be treated in
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Chapter~\ref{staffspacing}.
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\section{Arbitrary sequences of notes}
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Written-out ornaments and \itxem{cadenzas} are usually typeset with
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smaller notes and spacing than normal. The smaller \ital{size} can be
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initiated anywhere inside a \verb|\notes| group by stating
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\keyindex{smallnotesize} or \keyindex{tinynotesize}. Normal note size is then
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restored by \keyindex{normalnotesize} or simply by terminating the
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\verb|notes| group and starting another. Smaller \ital{spacing} must also be
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explicitly indicated, usually by redefining \verb|\noteskip| in some way.
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As an example, this excerpt, from the beginning
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of the Aria of the ``Creation'' by Joseph {\sc Haydn})\index{Haydn, J.@{\sc
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Haydn, J.}},
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\begin{music}
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\instrumentnumber{2}
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\generalmeter{\meterfrac44}
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\def\qbl#1#2#3{\ibl{#1}{#2}{#3}\qb{#1}{#2}}
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\setstaffs2{2}
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\setclef1\bass
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\setclef2\bass
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\startbarno0
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\startextract
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\NOtes\qp&\zmidstaff{\bf II}\qp|\qu g\en
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% mesure 1
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\bar
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\Notes\itieu2J\wh J&\zw N\ibl0c0\qb0e|\qu j\en
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\notes&\qbl0c0|\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize
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\Ibbu1ki2\qb1{kj}\tqh1i\hqsk\en
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\Notes&\qb0e\tbl0\qb0c|\qu j\en
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\Notes&\ibl0c0\qb0{ece}\tbl0\qb0c|\ql l\sk\ql j\en
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% mesure 2
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\bar
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\Notes\ttie2\wh J&\ql J\sk\ql L|\zqupp g\qbl1e0%
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\zq c\qb1e\zq c\qb1e\zq c\tbl1\zqb1e\en
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\notes&|\sk\ccu h\en
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\Notes&\ql N\sk\ibl0L{-4}\qbp0L|\ibl1e0\zq c\zqb1e\cu g%
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\zq c\zqb1e\raise\Interligne\ds\zqu g\qb1g\en
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\notes&\sk\tbbl0\tbl0\qb0J|\tbl1\zq c\qb1e\en
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\endextract
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\end{music}
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\noindent can be coded as
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\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
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\instrumentnumber{2}
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\generalmeter{\meterfrac44}
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\setstaffs2{2}
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\setclef2{\bass}
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\setclef1{\bass}
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\startbarno=0
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\startextract
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\NOtes\qp&\zmidstaff{\bf II}\qp|\qu g\en
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% mesure 1
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\bar
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\Notes\itieu2J\wh J&\zw N\ibl0c0\qb0e|\qu j\en
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\notes&\ibl0c0\qb0c|\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize
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\Ibbu1ki2\qb1{kj}\tqh1i\en
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\Notes&\qb0e\tbl0\qb0c|\qu j\en
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\Notes&\ibl0c0\qb0{ece}\tbl0\qb0c|\ql l\sk\ql j\en
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% mesure 2
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\bar\Notes\ttie2\wh J&\ql J\sk\ql L|\zqupp g\qbl1e0%
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\zq c\qb1e\zq c\qb1e\zq c\tbl1\zqb1e\en
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\notes&|\sk\ccu h\en
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\Notes&\ql N\sk\ibl0L{-4}\qbp0L|\ibl1e0\zq c\zqb1e\cu g%
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\zq c\zqb1e\raise\Interligne\ds\zqu g\qb1g\en
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\notes&\sk\tbbl0\tbl0\qb0J|\tbl1\zq c\qb1e\en
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\endextract
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\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
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Similarly, you may use
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\keyindex{largenotesize} or \keyindex{Largenotesize} to get \emph{larger} notes.
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\section{Grace notes}
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Grace notes are a special case of small and tiny notes, namely single-stemmed
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eighth notes with a diagonal slash through the flag. To enable this, there
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are the macros \keyindex{grcu}\pitchp\ and \keyindex{grcl}\pitchp, which by
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themselves would
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produce normal-sized eighth notes with a slash. They should be used along
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with the note size reduction macros and spacing reduction macros just
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discussed. In addition, chordal grace notes can be built as in the following
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example:
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\begin{music}\nostartrule
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\startextract
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\NOTes\hu h\en
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\notes\multnoteskip\smallvalue\smallnotesize\grcu j\en
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\NOTes\hu i\en
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\bar
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\notes\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize\zq h\grcl j\en
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\NOTEs\wh i\en
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\zendextract
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\end{music}
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\noindent which was coded as
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\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
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\startextract
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\NOTes\hu h\en
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\notes\multnoteskip\smallvalue\smallnotesize\grcu j\en
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\NOTes\hu i\en
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\bar
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\notes\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize\zq h\grcl j\en
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\NOTEs\wh i\en
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\zendextract
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\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
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\section[Ossia]{Ossia\texorpdfstring{\protect\footnote{Italian \textit{o sia} (or else)}}{}}
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This clever example had been provided by Olivier Vogel:\label{ossia}
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%\begin{center}
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%\includegraphics[scale=1]{./mxdexamples/ossiavogel.eps}
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%\end{center}
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\begin{music}
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%\startextract
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%\hsize70mm
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\let\extractline\hbox
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\hbox to \hsize{\hss
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\def\xnum#1#2#3{\off{#1\elemskip}\zcharnote{#2}{\smalltype\it #3}%
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\off{-#1\elemskip}}%
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\newbox\ornamentbox
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\setbox\ornamentbox=\hbox to 0pt{\kern-4pt\vbox{\hsize=2.6cm%
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\makeatletter
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\nostartrule\smallmusicsize\setsize1{\smallvalue}\setclefsymbol1\empty\global\clef@skip0pt%
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\makeatother
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%\smallmusicsize\setsize1{\smallvalue}\setclefsymbol1\empty%
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%\startpiece
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%\addspace{2pt}%
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\startextract
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\addspace{-2pt}%
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\let\notest\notes\def\notes{\vnotes2.1\elemskip}%
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\notes\ibbbl2{'c}0\qb2b\qb2c\qb2d\tbbbl2\qb2c\en%
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\notes\xnum{1.15}{'e}3\qb2d\qb2c\tbl2\qb2d\en%
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\notes\ibl2{'c}1\usf e\qb2c\en%
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\notes\tbl2\qb2{'d}\en
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\let\notes\notest%
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%\zstoppiece%
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\endextract
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}\hss}
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%\setbox\ornamentbox=\hbox to 0pt{Hello}
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%
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%
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%\normalmusicsize\nopagenumbers
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%\def\nbinstruments{1}%
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\setstaffs12\setclef1{60}%
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\generalsignature{-2}\generalmeter{\meterfrac{3}{4}}%
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%\parindent 0pt%
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%\stafftopmarg0pt\staffbotmarg5\Interligne\interstaff{10}\relax
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%\startpiece\addspace\afterruleskip%
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\startextract\addspace\afterruleskip%
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\NOtes\ibl1{'G}{-1}\qb1G\sk\bigna F\tbl1\qb1F|%
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\ibbl2{'b}0\qb2b\qb2a\qb2b\tbl2\qb2c\en%
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\NOtes\hl{'E}\bsk\raise6\internote\ds\ibu3{G}1\bigsh F%
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\qb3F\qb3G\tbu3\qb3{'A}|\zcharnote{10}{\copy\ornamentbox}\qlp{'c}\sk\sk%
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\cl d\en%
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%\endpiece
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\endextract
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\hss}
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%\vfill\eject\endmuflex
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\end{music}
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The code is:
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\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
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\hsize70mm%
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\def\xnum#1#2#3{\off{#1\elemskip}\zcharnote{#2}{\smalltype\it #3}%
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\off{-#1\elemskip}}%
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\newbox\ornamentbox
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\setbox\ornamentbox=\hbox to 0pt{\kern-4pt\vbox{\hsize=2.6cm%
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\nostartrule\smallmusicsize\setsize1{\smallvalue}\setclefsymbol1\empty%
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\startpiece\addspace{2pt}%
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\notes\ibbbl2{'c}0\qb2b\qb2c\qb2d\tbbbl2\qb2c\en%
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\notes\xnum{1.15}{'e}3\qb2d\qb2c\tbl2\qb2d\en%
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\notes\ibl2{'c}1\usf e\qb2c\en%
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\notes\tbl2\qb2{'d}\en%
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\zstoppiece%
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}\hss}
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\normalmusicsize\nopagenumbers
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\def\nbinstruments{1}%
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\setstaffs12\setclef1{60}%
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\generalsignature{-2}\generalmeter{\meterfrac{3}{4}}%
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\parindent 0pt%
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\stafftopmarg0pt\staffbotmarg5\Interligne\interstaff{10}\relax
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\startpiece\addspace\afterruleskip%
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\notes\ibl1{'G}{-1}\qb1G\sk\bigna F\tbl1\qb1F|%
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\ibbl2{'b}0\qb2b\qb2a\qb2b\tbl2\qb2c\en%
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\notes\hl{'E}\bsk\raise6\internote\ds\ibu3{G}1\bigsh F%
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\qb3F\qb3G\tbu3\qb3{'A}|\zcharnote{10}{\copy\ornamentbox}\qlp{'c}\sk\sk%
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\cl d\en%
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\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
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